What are the fundamental properties of black holes according to commonly accepted scientific understanding?

The fundamental properties of black holes, based on widely accepted scientific understanding, are mass and spin. Mass is essential as it defines the strength of the gravitational pull that a black hole exerts and fundamentally determines its size. Spin refers to the rotation of the black hole and can influence the geometry of the spacetime around it, leading to phenomena such as frame-dragging.

Mass and spin are particularly significant in the classification of black holes, especially when considering different types such as non-rotating (Schwarzschild) and rotating (Kerr) black holes. The combination of these two properties influences the formation, evolution, and characteristics of black holes in the universe.

The other options do not accurately reflect the fundamental properties recognized in the study of black holes. For instance, width is not a concept typically used to describe black holes; instead, the event horizon is a key feature related to their size. Color is not a fundamental property of black holes, as they do not emit light in a way that can be perceived visually; rather, they are characterized by their interaction with light through gravitational effects. Charge is a property that can, in theory, exist, but it is less frequently discussed in the context of black hole properties than mass and spin